Why Are Certain Diseases More Common in Men? European Study Uncovers Clues

EU Study Finds Sex Differences in Infectious Disease Rates.

A new European study reveals interesting patterns in how infectious diseases affect men and women. Researchers analyzed data from over 5.5 million cases across 16 diseases reported in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) between 2012 and 2021.

The key takeaway: the proportion of male cases varied significantly depending on the disease. HIV/AIDS and malaria showed the highest male占比 (zhàn bì – proportion) at 75-80% and over 50% in all countries, respectively. Conversely, pertussis (whooping cough) and STEC infections (caused by E. coli bacteria) had a lower male占比, typically below 50%.

“These differences might be due to both biological and behavioral factors,” explains Julien Beauté, a lead researcher at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). For instance, higher HIV rates among men could reflect transmission modes, while differences in malaria cases might be linked to exposure risks.

The study also highlights the role of testing practices. Diseases like chlamydia, where screening programs often target young women, showed a lower male占比. This suggests similar infection rates across genders, but different detection patterns.

“Understanding these sex disparities is crucial,” emphasizes Beauté. “By considering both biological sex and social factors (gender), we can improve disease surveillance and design more effective prevention strategies.”

The study underscores the need for better data collection. Recording information on both sex and gender, along with factors like travel and occupation, is vital for a clearer picture. This will ultimately lead to more targeted public health interventions.

Find out more:

• Differences between males and females in infectious diseases notifications in the EU/EEA, 2012 to 2021

Provided by: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)